Mix 40 parts water with 8 parts of rubbing alcohol and one part dish soap.......spray and soak the entire tree. Wait 15 to 20 minutes and wash off...
Cerastium tomentosum aka Snow-in-Summer
Have to dig it out....but the roots break off easily and it will be a chore to get rid of it....just keep digging!!
Looks like a Hawthorn.....perhaps a Crataegus laevigata 'Paul's Scarlet'
Might be one of the many tussock caterpillars (Family Lymantriidae) An inspection of the prolegs would greatly narrow down the genus and species.....
A miticide.....may want to use garden sulphur mixed in water and applied on a cloudy day.....
Cutting back any new growth (including any blossoms), will put the energy into the tomatoes ripening sooner.....this is a standard garden practise
Lilacs probably are chlorotic...soil lacking in iron or magnesium.....alkaline soils tend to lock up these elements, preventing the tree to absorb...
White Mallow (Malva sp.)
You won't see much growth because the roots are trying to become established in its new spot....be patient, keep it watered well and do not add...
Looks like Cotton scale .....and the black coating you washed off was probably sooty mold, a result of the sugary deposits that these scales...
If the seeds are still immature....they will not ripen to their full potiental....
Looks more like Ailanthus altissima
Looks like the work of a Sapsuckerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapsucker
You are correct ....it is Trumpet Creeper (Campsis radicans)