Maple roots in general are shallow but not overly competitive. I don't think you'll have any problems with slab or foundation damage.
Based on a question at the following link, yes, Japanese maple roots can lift concrete slabs if the tree is planted too close to the edge of the slab. However, the fibrous roots are unlikely to crack foundations. http://en.allexperts.com/q/Trees-739/Japanese-Maple-Tree-Root.htm