Welcome to the Resources area for Plants Identification. Feel free to check out the links, and add your comments or submit your own link suggestions by clicking the button on the right and discussing them on the Plants: Identification forum.
Online Resources
(For written resources, see Plants Identification Written Resources)
Acta Plantarum
Recommended as an important website for flora of the Italian regions. There are floral galleries of 6000 images by family or species, a key for some species, index cards by region, and some very detailed. Notes on Plant Morphology, nine buttons at the bottom centre on the home page, lead to very detailed pages on morphology of plants with good drawings and illustrative photos. Site is in Italian, but there are various ways to get it translated. Here is Microsoft's translated page.
Link location Acta Plantarum - Home Page
Submitted by duffy
Submitted date 3 August 2017; last confirmed 2 March 2018
Aerulean.com
Site of forum member SusanDunlap which enables gardeners to browse through our library of 20,000+ images using either visual or verbal cues. The non hierarchical key allows you to select from over 200 attributes – including water, height, flower color, and site location – to narrow the search results to plants you wish to consider for your gardening needs.
Link location Aerulean - Plant Search
Submitted by SusanDunlap
Submitted date 9 Jul 2014; last confirmed 15 May 2017
African Plants - A Photo Guide
Nice non-hierarchical search for African plants, result page shows photos. You can browse through a taxonomic hierarchy and / or search according to selected characters you observe on your plant. This was begun in 2008 as a result of field work on West African plant diversity performed within the project BIOTA-West Africa, and later SUN and UNDESERT and is continuously updated since.
Link location African Plants - A Photo Guide - Browse & Search
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 14 Jul 2017; last confirmed 14 Jul 2017
Arboretum Wespelaar
This website by Jan De Langhe, dendrologist at the Botanic Garden University Ghent, in collaboration with Arboretum Wespelaar, will help you determine woody plants in Western European collections. It offers identification keys, a list of illustrated taxa and a picture database which you can browse or query; the photos here seem to be all leaves. On a separate Search page, plants in the collection are listed, with an indicator where there are photos, of more than just leaves. You can view the site in Dutch, French and English.
There is also a link to Plantcol, a website that digitally 'unlocks' the largest Belgian plant collections. Here you can check whether this plant appears in Belgian collections; if you enter a genus, all plants in the collections are listed with thumbnails of the photos.
Link location Arboretum Wespelaar
Submitted by emery, wcutler
Submitted date 3 Jan 2018; last confirmed 2 Feb 2021
Cretan Flora
This illustrated guide to the 93 flower families that can be found on Crete are represented here by 186 unique flower shapes. To assist with the identification of individual flowers species, there is a "Genera Colour Guide". There is a link to a related Facebook page that has excellent photos of named plants.
Link location Cretan Flora
Submitted by https://forums.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/members/daniel-mosquin.1/
Submitted date 17 Jan 2019; last confirmed 2 Feb 2019
Discover Life Wildflower Key
This link is for a non-hierarchical key to US wildflowers, but the Discover Life offers much more - various keys to plants by type or location, as well as photos of other life forms.
Link location Wildflowers -- identification guide -- Discover Life
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 29 Jul 2019; last confirmed 29 Jul 2019
efloraofindia
The largest database on the web related to Indian flora, comprising details of more than 12,000 species of seed plants, ferns, fungi & others, organized by family, with several photos for each species.
Link location efloraofindia
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 23 May 2017; last confirmed 23 May 2017
eFloras.org
Primarily keys to genus by family on several sites. Current sites are
Flora of Chile
Flora of China
Flora of Missouri
Flora of North America
Moss Flora of China
Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador (in Spanish)
Link location eFloras.org Home
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 23 May 2017; last confirmed 23 May 2017
Facebook Plants Identification Group
There is a good crowd-sourcing group on Facebook, with 92+ thousand members, many from Europe, some from Italy.
Link location Plant Identification
Submitted by Andrey Zharkikh
Submitted date 21 Apr 2017; last confirmed 21 Apr 2017
Flora Analytica d'Italia
Flora Analytica d'Italia, describing vascular plants indigenous, wild and cultivated in Italy. By Adriano Fiori and Giulio Paoletti
Link locations to four volumes published in 1896-1908:
Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardín Botánico
Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardín Botánico
Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardín Botánico
Biblioteca Digital del Real Jardín Botánico
Submitted by Andrey Zharkikh
Submitted date 21 Apr 2017; last confirmed 11 May, 2017
Flora Croatica Database
Website about the flora of Croatia, contains more than 4500 species, 112762 photos. Site is run by the Department of Botany at the University of Zagreb.
Link location Flora Croatica Database / Hrvatska flora / Flora of Croatia
Submitted by Lila Pereszke
Submitted date August 31, 2017; last confirmed 2 Sept, 2017
Flora d'Italia
La Flora d'Italia, by S. Pignatti, 1982. This 3 volume work is considered to be the only true and reliable BIBLE of Italian botanist. A must for all Italian Botanical gardens. It is extremely technical. Volume 2 is available for download as an ebook. Actually, all three volumes seem to be available. And there is a document describing an elusive desktop app:
https://www.openstarts.units.it/dspace/bitstream/10077/3767/1/Guarino et al, bioidentify.pdf
Link location La Flora d'Italia - Vol2 (Pignatti S. - 1982 - Edagricoltore)
Submitted by duffy
Submitted date April 21, 2017; last confirmed 13 May, 2017
FloraGator
This University of Florida site is a web-based, multiple-entry key for flowering plant family identification, covering the 196 flowering plant families known to exist in the natural areas of Florida. It also has a lot of good links on the Sources / Credits page.
Link location FloraGator - a multiple-entry key for flowering plant family identification
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 17 Sep 2021; last confirmed 17 Sep 2021
Flora Italiana (online book)
Book by Parlatori and Caruel, Published by Firenze,Tip. Le Monnier,1848-1896, made available online by the Heritage Biodiversity Library. Google translates the book's description: Italian flora; namely, description of plants that grow spontaneously or grow as such in Italy and in the Islands to it aggiacenti; arranged according to the natural method.
Link location 1 - Flora italiana; - Biodiversity Heritage Library
Submitted by Andrey Zharkikh
Submitted date 21 Apr 2017; last confirmed 11 May, 2017
Flora Italiana (website)
Website of over 8000 species of Italian flora with search by botanical or common name, browse by family or genus, or browse by family map location! Search results show a map and photos. The browse by family is hard to find - do a search and find it on the results page sidebar. This is an ad-supported page; it's not clear who runs it. Google offers to translate.
Link location Flora Italiana
Submitted by Silver surfer
Submitted date 31 Jul 2017; last confirmed 31 Jul 2017
Flora of Germany
Website about german plants (native and ornamental plants too), contains more than 4000 species with pictures and ID keys (hierarchical view: Systematik; alphabetical view seems to be Artenverzeichnis)
Link location Homepage
Submitted by Lila Pereszke
Submitted date August 31, 2017; last confirmed 2 Sept, 2017
Flora-on - Flora de Portugal
Easy to use even with no knowledge of Portuguese. It offers a screenful at a time of good-sized clear photos, organized by family, with some interactive key capability, but very biased toward flower characteristics.
Link location Flora-On | Flora de Portugal interactiva
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 8 Sep 2015; last confirmed 11 May 2015
Flora Virtual de El Verde
Developed by the University of Puerto Rico, The Virtual Flora of the El Verde Biological Station contains information on more than 600 species of vascular plants that have been registered for the area. For almost all species, photos in the field and images of herbarium specimens are included, but only tree and shrub species (more than 200) contain complete descriptions and are included in the interactive keys. You can browse by family or by species, can filter flowers by colour, can browse fruit or bark photos, also photo of ferns. The website is in Spanish, but since almost everything is a botanical name, that should not be a problem.
Link location Flora Virtual de la Estación Biológica El Verde
Submitted by Silver surfer
Submitted date 15 Feb 2018; last confirmed 2 March 2018
Flowering Plant Family Identification
This site built by Ray Phillips at Colby College was the inspiration for the FloraGator site. The purpose of the search here is to suggest possible plant families for your known combination of characteristics. For your search, you can select one or more from 180 characteristics.
Link location Flowering Plant Family Identification (colby.edu)
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 17 Sep 2021; last confirmed 17 Sep 2021
Glossary of Botanical Terms
This Wikipedia page is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Most of the terms have their own Wikipedia pages, but the list is useful for looking up and comparing large numbers of terms together. Also, there are photos and drawings for a lot of the terms, so it may be possible to find a term that you don't know how to look up by name. Or try the Glossary of Leaf Morphology below.
Link location Glossary of botanical terms - Wikipedia
Submitted by Douglas Justice
Submitted date 9 Sep 2020; last confirmed 9 Sep 2020
Glossary of Leaf Morphology
This is a Wikipedia page with a list of terms and their definitions to describe the physical form and external structure of plants. Sections include leaf structure, leaf and leaflet shapes, edges, and leaf folding, and there are links to some other terms and resources.
Link location Glossary of leaf morphology - Wikipedia
Submitted by Douglas Justice
Submitted date 9 Sep 2020; last confirmed 9 Sep 2020
Hungarian Flora - Fotóalbum: Képgaléria - Botanikai Fórum
The picture gallery is a part of the forum (Képgaléria - Botanikai Fórum). This site is run by UBCBG forum member Lila Pereszke, who writes "we have at the moment 8 different galleries. In the first line we have 4 galleries about Hungarian native species (1-Flora of Hungary; 2-Mosses of H.; 3-Lichens of H.; 4-Mushrooms of H.-not opened yet...), in the second line we have 4 thematic galleries: 1-Buds; 2-Barks; 3-Seeds and fruits; 4-Bulbs and tubers. These thematic galleries contain not just native plants, but everything that fits the theme.
"As you can see, the picture galleries are not finished yet, they are in different developmental stages. Every registered VIP forum member can anytime add new pics and open new albums to complete the collections."
The gallery contains more than 2500 species. In Hungarian, but not too difficult to navigate (search is at Keresés - Botanikai Fórum, or use the Google translated Search Page).
Link location Képgaléria - Botanikai Fórum, or Google translated Photo Gallery
Submitted by Lila Pereszke
Submitted date 31 Aug 2017; last confirmed 12 Nov 2019
iNaturalist
iNaturalist is a crowdsourced species identification system and an organism occurrence recording tool. You can use it to record your own observations, get help with identifications, collaborate with others to collect this kind of information for a common purpose, or access the observational data collected by iNaturalist users.
Link location A Community for Naturalists · iNaturalist
Submitted by https://forums.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/members/daniel-mosquin.1/, wcutler
Submitted date 14 Jun 2021; last confirmed 14 Jun 2021
Mingiweng's Flickr Albums
Taiwanese Flickr member Mingiweng has over 60,000 photos almost entirely of plants growing wild in Taiwan, all excellent photos, often 50 of the same species, taken in different seasons, so including flowers, fruits, buds, stems, bark, habit photos. There is often no text, or a single line in English, with the botanical name of the plant in his language and in Latin. This collection is particularly useful for noting details to distinguish between species. Some of the photos are saved in albums of flowers, leaves, and fruits.
Link location 翁明毅
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 6 Oct 2020; last confirmed 6 Oct 2020
Minnesota Wildflowers
Not just wildflowers! If a tree, shrub, flower, grass or fern you want to know about happens to grow in Minnesota, even rarely, the information on this site is detailed, often with comparisons to similar plants, and the photos are excellent. There is an alphabetic browse, and search by six characteristics or by flower colour. This is a privately run site that requests a minimal but not obligatory annual donation.
Link location Minnesota Wildflowers
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 5 Mar 2018; last confirmed 5 Mar 2018
NaturaLista
This is a desktop and mobile app, in Spanish, launched in Mexico by the National Commission for the knowledge and use of biodiversity (CONABIO) in collaboration with iNaturalist. The site invites submissions for IDs, and you can search by genus or location. It's not clear whether the database consists just of what has been submitted for ID. Click Observaciones or Especies to start.
Link location Una comunidad para naturalistas · NaturaLista
Submitted by http://forums.botanicalgarden.ubc.ca/members/daniel-mosquin.1/
Submitted date 6 Nov 2017; last confirmed 18 Nov 2017
Neotropikey: Neotropical Flowering Plant Families
From Kew Botanical Gardens, a multi-access key (70 features) to 319 flowering plant families of the Neotropics. An alternate site is offered if the page does not load: Lucid Online Player - Key to the Flowering Plant Familes of the Neotropics. Kew's image database is also available at Royal Botanic Gardens Kew: Neotropical live plant image database.
Link location: Neotropikey: Key to Neotropical plant families
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 23 Aug 2015; last confirmed 11 May 2017
OSU Plant Identification System
Oregon State University Department of Horticulture's Woody Plant identification system allows you to identify an unknown woody plant using a list of features. Click the appropriate link for the kind of plant you are attempting to identify. The identification is limited to the more than 900 woody plants in the Oregon State Univ. Landscape Plants website; the search facility is split into broadleaf and conifers. You can also browser by common name and by botanical name.
Link location Plant Identification System
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 1 Jun 2016; last confirmed 10 Oct 2020
Plantaholic Sheila's Flickr albums
Our own forum member Silver surfer has posted excellent photos of many plants from her former garden in Wales, in addition to 220 named Acers species and cultivars. Every single plant was labelled and catalogued. The 1300 photos are split into five albums alphabetically. As well, Sheila has added to flickr more than 20,000 photos, many tropical, from her travels. These albums are arranged alphabetically by family, and also by genus in some alphabetical subsets (Singapore, Hawaii, Acer).
Link location https://www.flickr.com/photos/11713966@N02/albums
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 01 Apr 2017; last confirmed 01 Apr 2017
Plantlife
Plantlife is a British conservation charity working nationally and internationally to save threatened wild flowers, plants and fungi. You can browse alphabetical pages of plant and fungi species and do limited filtering. Check the Site Map page to see what all is available.
Link location Plant & Fungi Species
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 03 Oct 2017; last confirmed 03 Oct 2017
Southwestern Plants by Corolla Characteristics
There are some other pages on this site, but this particular one has a lot of photos arranged by petal size and symmetry, then colour.
Link location polyploid.net: Southwestern Plants
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 14 July 2020; last confirmed 14 July 2020
Species Identification Guide - NPMS
The (British) National Plant Monitoring Scheme's guide is an easily scrollable PDF containing a collection of wildflowers organized by colour, then aquatics, clubmosses, ferns, grasses, rushes, sedges, shrubs, trees and wood-rushes. There are two or three taxa per page, with a drawing and a photo, though photos are not enlargeable. There are 154 data pages, common name and scientific name indices, and a page with diagrams of part names.
Link location NPMS ID GUIDE_WEB_0.pdf
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 22 Oct 2021; last confirmed 22 Oct 2021
The Tree Library
Blake C. Willson has developed this website for students, professors, laymen, artists, naturalists – anyone studying trees or who just appreciates their beauty. Need more pictures for a dendrology class, or to make your own collection, or to add background to a new website? You are welcome to use information from this site for non-commercial purposes. You can search or browse by family or genus, then species. There are over 1200 species, around 20,000 photos, many of which are from botanical gardens.
Link location http://treelib.ca/
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 03 Apr 2017; last confirmed 03 Feb 2021
Top Tropicals
This plant retailer in Fort Myers, Florida, established in 2003, calls themselves the "World's Leading Authority on Tropical Plants". Their catalog approaches 5000 plants and they have almost 50,000 photos that are searchable by plant name or family name, with some filtering options, and there are usually many good photos for each plant. Plants are in the catalog that are not necessarily in stock.
Link location Plant Finder TopTropicals.com
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 8 Feb 2019; last confirmed 8 Feb 2019
Wild Flower Finder
This is a UK site on which you can browse or do a non-hierarchical search by characteristics. They have a lot more categories than just wildflowers, including trees, shrubs, grasses, ferns, several more. There are a lot of characteristics you can tick or select, including type of smell! But not leaf shape - most of the characteristics are about the flowers. The individual plant pages have a lot of photos of habit, leaves, flowers front and back, fruits. It says it will work well on a mobile device, but there is not a separate app.
Link location WILD FLOWER IDENTIFICATION GUIDE (ID GUIDE)
Submitted by wcutler
Submitted date 14 May 2015; last confirmed 11 May 2017
Plants Identification Online Resources
Web sites and other resources with information related to or aiding in the identification of plants.